Course Catalogue.

After participating in this course, you will be able to:

• Gain an understanding of short circuit events and their impacts on power systems.
• Effectively protect your electrical systems with the proper protective devices and coordination techniques.
• Identify and mitigate safety hazards for personnel interacting with energized electrical systems.
• Learn how to prevent equipment failures and malfunctions by implementing advanced arc flash mitigation techniques.
• Confidently interpret and apply standards and labels related to arc flash to ensure compliance and safety.

Description
This course is designed to enhance your understanding and skills in electrical system safety, which is essential for preventing accidents, protecting personnel, and maintaining efficient operations. It balances theoretical knowledge with practical application, providing you with a solid foundation for tackling real-world electrical challenges. Ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems is vital to avoid costly equipment failures, ensure compliance with safety standards, and protect the well-being of your team. By improving your expertise in electrical safety, you contribute to a safer work environment and enhance overall operational efficiency.

You will gain a deep understanding of short circuit events and their impacts on power systems and learn how to manage and mitigate these incidents effectively. The course covers selecting and coordinating protective devices, identifying and mitigating safety hazards, and implementing advanced arc flash mitigation techniques. You will also learn to interpret and apply standards and labels related to arc flash, ensuring compliance and safety.

To reinforce these concepts, a case study will discuss short circuits, protective device coordination, arc flash analysis, and mitigation in an industrial plant. By the end of this course, you will be well-equipped to improve your electrical systems' safety, reliability, and efficiency, making you a valuable asset to your organization.

Who Should Attend
This course is ideal for a diverse group of professionals aiming to enhance their skills and knowledge in electrical systems. Whether you're an Electrical Engineer, Technician, Technologist, Facility or Plant Engineer, Design Engineer, Supervisor, Field Engineer, or Electrical Contractor, this program is tailored to meet your needs.

Safety Managers, Maintenance Engineers, Energy Managers, Compliance Officers, Project Managers, Industrial Electricians, Operations Managers, Power System Analysts, Health and Safety Inspectors, and Engineering Consultants will find this course invaluable.

Join us to advance your career and ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical systems you work with.

Course Syllabus

Day 1

Symmetrical Components

Electrical Safety and Short Circuit Calculations

• Short Circuit Study Basics
• X/R Ratio
• Data Collection
• Code Requirements

Source Impedance

• Utility Company Data
• Equivalent Impedance
• System Configuration
• Future Conditions

Conductor Short Circuit Calculation

• Conductor Calculations
• Effect of Conductor Length
• Size, Conduit and Insulation on Impedance
• Conductor Calculation Worksheet
• Calculation Examples

Transformer Short Circuit Calculations

• Transformer Impedance
• Transformer Calculations
• Adding Source Impedance
• Transformer Calculation Examples

Motor Contribution

• Sub transient Reactance, Xd”
• Effect on Short Circuit Current

Device Interrupting Ratings

• Circuit Breaker and Fuse Interrupting Ratings
• Testing Methods
• Effect of X/R Ratio on Interrupting Ratings

Example of Detailed Short Circuit Calculation

Day II

Relay Fundamentals

• Zones of protection, selectivity and reliability

Coordination Studies

• Selective Coordination Basics
• Time Current Curves
• Data Requirements
• Device Settings
• Log Graph
• Scale

Coordination of Devices

• Moulded Case Circuit Breaker Coordination
• Adjustable
• Instantaneous Settings
• Coordination of Multiple Devices
• Long Time
• Short Time
• Instantaneous Settings
• i2t Settings,
• Coordination of Devices
• No Instantaneous

Ground Fault Devices

• Residually Connected Schemes
• Zero Sequence Relaying
• Setting of Devices
• Nuisance Tripping
• Ground Fault
• Requirement for Services and Feeders

Overcurrent Relays

• Amp Tap
• Time Dial
• Instantaneous
• Current Transformers
• Time Margins
• Setting Selection
• Time Current Curves

Transformer Protection

• CEC Requirements
• Inrush
• ANSI C57 Thru Fault Curves
• Adjustments to Thru Fault Curves Based on Winding

Configurations

• Delta-Wye and Delta Delta

Examples of Protective Device Coordination

Day III

Introduction to the Arc Flash Hazard

• What is an Arc Flash
• Characteristics
• Electrical Safety Overview

Human Effects

• Physiological Effects
• Electrocution
• Tissue Damage
• Internal Organ Damage
• Burns Fibrillation
• “Curable” 2nd Degree Burn

Codes and Standards - Which One Do I Use?

• CSA Z462, CEC, IEEE 1584™

Arc Flash Hazards

• Electric Shock
• Arc Flash
• Arc Blast
• Ultraviolet Light
• Sound Pressure
• Burn Injury

Arc Flash Circuit Dynamics - Fault Current, Arc Duration, Plasma

• Arcing Faults vs. Bolted Faults
• Effect of Current on Overcurrent Device Clearing Time
• Time Current Curves, Short Circuit Current
• Current Limitation
• Effect of Transformer Size and Source Strength

CSA Z462 Requirements

• Shock and Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
• Creating Energized Work Permits
• Electrically Safe Working Conditions

Approach Boundaries

• Limited and Restricted Approach Boundaries
• Arc Flash Boundary

PPE Categories and Arc Flash Calculations and Risk Assessment

• Defining the PPE Category Tables 4 and 5; PPE Category 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Requirements
• Selection of arc-rated clothing and other PPE when the incident energy analysis method is used
• Limitations of Tables
• Using Calculations Instead
• Tables for DC arc flash

Personal Protective Equipment PPE

• Protective Clothing Characteristics
• Selection of PPE
• ATPV and Ebt Ratings
• ASTM Testing Methods

Arc Flash Labeling Requirements

• Label Contents
• Signal Words and Colors

The Ac Arc, Flash Calculation Study, Using IEEE Std. 1584™

• Study Requirements
• Methodology
• Data Requirements
• Modelling

Data Collection Process - How Much Is Enough?

• Transformer
• Conductor
• Utility Company
• Motor, Overcurrent Device
• Equipment Type
• Working Distance
• Generator Data, Assumptions - what can be assumed?

Single Line Diagram and System Modeling

• Importance of the Up-to-Date Diagram
• System Configurations
• High vs. Low Fault Current,
• 2000 Amps rule
• Motor Contribution

Arc Flash Duration - Time Current Curves

• Determining the Arcing Current Clearing time
• 85% vs. 100%
• 2 Second Cut Off Allowance
• Time Current Curves
• Arc Extinction

Incident Energy Calculations, Worksheets and Class Problems

• AC Incident Energy Calculations
• Calculation Parameters
• Working Distance
• Equipment Type and Distance Exponents
• Vertical and horizontal boxes with or without barriers
• Gap Distance

Arc Flash Boundary Calculations, Worksheets and Class Problems

• Arc Flash Boundary Calculations Based on Normalized Incident Energy
• IEEE Arc Flash Boundary Calculations
• Unusually Large Boundaries
• Calculation Worksheets
• Problem-Solving

DC Arc Flash Calculations, Worksheets, Examples and Problems

• V-I Characteristics
• DC Arc Resistance Calculations
• DC Incident Energy Calculations
• Box vs. Open Arc Calculations
• Calculation Worksheets
• Problem-Solving

Determining PPE Requirements from Incident Energy Calculations

• Using calculated incident energy to determine PPE requirements. Comparing calculations to CSA Z462 Tables
• Simplifying the PPE Selection

Arc Flash Warning Labels

• Requirements
• Label Locations
• ANSI Z535 Requirements
• Signal Words and Colors

Managing and Mitigating the Arc Flash Hazard

• Increase Working Distance
• Remote Operation, Maintenance Settings
• Arc Resistant Equipment, Current Limiting Devices
• Mitigation Equipment by Major Electrical Manufacturers
• The Electrically Safe Working Condition Paradox
• Future Research and Development

Case Study Using Computerized Software

• Load flow, short circuit, protective device coordination and arc flash for an industrial plant electrical system

Questions and Answers and Feedback to Participants on Achievement of Learning Outcomes