Fundamentals of Modern Substation Equipment, Protection and Controls

After participating in the seminar, you will be able to:

• Implement effective power conditioning strategies for substations to enhance performance.
• Evaluate and select modern substation equipment, protection, and automation systems for various applications.
• Apply technical knowledge to the design, operation, and maintenance of substation equipment.
• Interpret single-line diagrams and electrical schematics for effective substation equipment protection and control.
• Stay current with advancements and innovations in electrical substation technology.

Description
Understanding modern substation equipment, protection, and controls is essential for professionals involved in designing, constructing, and operating high and medium-voltage substations. This course provides a comprehensive exploration of industrial and utility-grade substations, including the latest equipment and systems that constitute an electric substation. Participants will gain a deep understanding of how substation equipment functions, including power transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear, and protective relaying systems, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

The course also dives into practical aspects such as grounding and bonding electrical equipment, power conditioning systems, and substation commissioning. Attendees will explore various substations, from primary to secondary units, and understand the importance of protective measures like relaying and coordination systems. Topics like LV & MV system grounding, power transformers, and capacitor banks will be covered, providing a rounded education in substation technologies.

This course will enhance participants’ ability to make informed decisions regarding substation design and operation. They will be equipped with the skills to analyze and improve electrical distribution systems, ensuring reliability and safety.

Who Should Attend
This course is designed for Electrical and Design Engineers, Industrial, Utility, or Plant Engineers, Engineering Technicians, and Planning and Operations Specialists involved in designing, constructing, and operating electrical substations.

It also benefits Consulting Engineers, Electrical Project and Construction Managers, and Electrical Managers looking to expand their knowledge of modern substation equipment and protection systems.

Those responsible for maintaining and upgrading electrical systems will find this course valuable for staying updated with the latest technologies and best practices.

Welcome, Introduction, Course Preview, Learning Outcomes and the Assessment Method

Introduction to Electrical Power Distribution Systems

• Canadian Electrical Code
• Voltage classifications
• Fundamentals of electrical power distribution system operation

Introduction to Electrical Drawings

• Standards for electrical controls, international context
• Standard electrical symbols
• Single line diagrams
• Schematic and wiring diagrams

Grounding and Bonding of Electrical Equipment

• Equipment Grounding – Bonding
• Source and distribution of ground currents
• Grounding Electrodes
• Substation grounding and concepts for safety

LV and MV System Grounding

• System Grounding options
• Arc Flash hazard
• detection and locating ground faults
• Grounding in multiple source systems

Modern Substation Types and Purposes

• Fundamentals of electrical substation operation
• Primary unit substations
• Secondary unit substations
• Substation circuit arrangement

Power Transformers and Controls

• Major components
• Construction and operation
• Connections and ratings
• Fixed taps and LTCs

Bus and Disconnect Switches

• Types and applications
• Manual and motor-operated switches; control schematics

Power Circuit Breakers

• Purpose and types
• Construction and operation
•  

Metal-Clad Switchgear

• Advantages and applications
• Construction and operation
• Protection and control

Power Supply Systems

• Battery systems
• Purpose and ratings
• Chargers and charging control systems
• Station power requirements
• Back-up supplies/sources
• Source transfer control schemes

Power Conditioning Systems

• Classification of equipment requiring power conditioning
• Standby versus uninterruptible power
• Categories of power conditioners
• Review of power conditioner types

Power Capacitor and Capacitor Banks

• Principles of power capacitor application
• Power capacitor construction and operation
• Capacitor bank construction and operation
• Switching and protection control schemes

Substation Commissioning

• Acceptance testing equipment
• Start-up procedures
• Energizing equipment

Case Study Commissioning of 27 KV Switchgear

Fundamentals of Power System Protective Relaying Systems

• Power system faults
• Requirements of protective relaying systems
• Detection and clearance of power System faults
• Basic fault calculations
• Components of protection systems
• Relay types: electromechanical, electronic and microprocessor-based relays

Instrument Transformers

• Voltage transformers and current transformers
• Theory of operation
• Burden, saturation, and accuracy
• Application and selection
• Testing of CTs and VTs

Coordination of Protection Systems

• Time-current coordination
• Protective relaying zones
• Backup protection on radial systems
• Breaker failure protection on interconnected systems
• Auto-reclosing of circuit breakers

Protective Relaying Systems

• Feeder overcurrent protection
• Bus protection – a fundamental principle of differential protection
• Transformer protection

Discussion of Problem Set Given as in Class Assignment

Questions and Answers and Feedback to Participants on Achievement of Learning Outcomes