Course Catalogue.

This course will help you to:

• Possess advanced knowledge about methods for dynamic power system analysis, including steady state and transient stability
• Possess advanced knowledge of modelling of synchronous machines for dynamic analysis (in steady state operation and during grid faults)
• Have specialized insight and understanding of power-frequency control and voltage control using detailed models of turbines, generators and network
• Emphasis on modelling of synchronous machines with excitation systems and hydro turbines including penstock and hydraulic system
• Have specialized insight and understanding of the principles for primary control, including modelling of turbine governors and voltage controllers
• Have specialized insight and understanding of the principles for secondary control, including set point control of active power and voltage, active reserves and load following control
• Possess advanced knowledge of modelling and dynamic analysis of large power systems, in particular power system damping issues involving modal analysis
• Know the construction, modelling and control of HVDC and FACTS components related to power system stability

Description
This course will provide a comprehensive overview of power system stability and control of power system and their problems. This includes the basic concepts, physical aspects of the phenomena, methods of analysis, examples of incidents of system instability, challenges to the secure operation of present-day power systems, and comprehensive approach to enhancing system security.

Who Should Attend

Power System Analysts and Engineers, including Generation and Transmission Planners and Operational Engineers • Protection Engineers • ISO/RTO Technical Staff • Operations Supervisors • Power Developers and Marketers • Power Exchange Personnel • Regulatory Staff • Economic and Management Consultants

Course Outline:

• Introduction to power system stability
• Review of equipment characteristics and modelling
• Control of active power and frequency
• Control of reactive power and voltage
• Transient (angle) stability
• Small-signal (angle) stability
• Sub-synchronous torsional oscillations
• Voltage stability
• Frequency stability
• Wind turbine generators
• Major power grid blackouts in recent years
• Comprehensive approach to power system security

Course Syllabus

Day 1

1. Introduction to Power System Stability

• Definition and classification of power system stability
• Brief description of each category of system stability
• Conceptual relationship between power system stability, security, and reliability
• Traditional approach power system security assessment
• Challenges to secure operation of present-day power systems

2. Review of Equipment Characteristics and Modelling

• Synchronous machines: theory and modelling, machine parameters, saturation modelling, synchronous machine representation in stability studies, reactive capability limits.
• Excitation systems: elements of an excitation system, types of excitation systems, control and protective functions, modelling.
• Prime movers and governing systems: hydraulic turbines and governing systems, steam turbines and governing systems, gas turbines and combined-cycle units.
• Generating unit testing and model validation: test procedures, current industry practices.
• AC Transmission: performance equations and parameters, surge impedance loading, voltage-power characteristics, reactive power requirements, loadability characteristics, factors influencing transfer of active and reactive power.
• Power system loads: basic modelling concepts, static and dynamic models, acquisition of load model parameters.

Day 2

3. Control of Active Power and Frequency

• Fundamentals of frequency control
• Composite regulating characteristics of power systems
• Automatic generation control
• Under-frequency load shedding

4. Control of Reactive Power and Voltage

• Control objectives
• Production and absorption of reactive power
• Methods of voltage control
• Principles of reactive compensation in transmission systems
• Static and dynamic compensators
• Coordinated control of reactive power and voltage

5. Transient (angle) Stability

• An elementary view of the transient stability problem
• Simulation of power system dynamic response
• Numerical integration methods
• Performance of protective relaying
• Transient stability enhancement
• Examples of major system blackouts due to transient instability

Day 3

6. Small-Signal (angle) Stability

• Nature and description of small-signal stability (SSS) problems
• Methods of analysis; modal analysis approach
• Characteristics of local-plant mode and inter-area mode oscillations
• Examples of major system disturbances due to small-signal instability

7. Sub-synchronous Torsional Oscillations

• Steam turbine generator torsional characteristics
• Torsional interaction with power system controls: PSS, HVDC converter controls
• Subsynchronous resonance
• Impact of network-switching disturbances

Day 4

8. Voltage Stability

• Description of the phenomenon
• Factors influencing voltage stability
• Methods of analysis
• Typical scenarios of short-term voltage instability and long-term voltage instability
• Prevention of voltage instability
• Examples of major system disturbances due to voltage instability

9. Frequency Stability

• Nature and description of frequency stability problems
• Examples of system disturbances caused by frequency instability
• Analysis of frequency stability problems
• Mitigation of frequency stability problems.

Day 5

10. Wind Turbine Generators

• Wind turbine characteristics
• Types of wind turbine generator technologies
• Impact on power system dynamic performance
• Performance requirements and Grid Codes

11. Major Power Grid Blackouts in Recent Years

• Description of events
• Causes of blackouts; Lessons learned

12. Comprehensive Approach to Power System Security

• Application of robust power system controls
• Defense plan against extreme contingencies
• Restoration plans
• On-line security assessment
• Reliability management system
• Wide-area monitoring and control