Course Catalogue.

After participating in this course, you will be able to:

• Apply transformer operating principles effectively to enhance system reliability.
• Implement practical solutions for specifying, operating, and maintaining power transformers in various environments.
• Avoid costly errors by selecting the correct transformer for your specific applications.
• Maximize the efficiency and economic performance of your transformer fleet through informed decision-making.
• Determine and tailor transformer specifications to meet the unique demands of different applications.

Description
Transformers are essential components in electrical power systems, playing a critical role in efficiently transmitting and distributing electricity. Understanding their operational principles and the impact of core design on performance is vital for professionals aiming to optimize system reliability and efficiency. This course blends theoretical knowledge with practical insights, equipping participants with the skills to effectively design, operate, maintain, and troubleshoot transformers.

Participants will explore the economic trade-offs involved in transformer selection and operation, enabling them to make informed decisions that enhance performance and cost-effectiveness. The course also delves into transformers' magnetic properties, shedding light on how these influence electrical characteristics and operational outcomes. By understanding these factors, participants can ensure that transformers are specified correctly and maintained optimally, avoiding common pitfalls and enhancing overall system efficiency.

Whether you're involved in utility operations, industrial power management, or commercial electrical systems, this course offers valuable insights that will elevate your expertise and improve your ability to manage transformer assets effectively.

Who Should Attend
This course is ideal for electrical engineering professionals seeking to update their knowledge and sharpen their skills in transformer operations. Distribution system planners and maintenance managers will find the content particularly beneficial, as it covers the technical and economic aspects of transformer management. Power system consultants will also gain valuable insights, especially those involved in specifying and optimizing transformer performance.

The practical focus of this course will benefit participants with a foundational understanding of power systems but who are not necessarily experts. Engineers at the beginning of their careers in power utilities, industrial or commercial plants, and institutional complexes will find the knowledge gained here instrumental in advancing their professional development.

Course Syllabus

Day I

Welcome, Introduction, Workshop Preview, Learning Outcomes and the Assessment Method

Basic Transformer Theory

• Currents and magnetic fields
• Air core transformer
• The magnetic circuit
• The B-H curve
• Hysteresis and eddy current losses
• Iron or steel core transformer
• Equivalent circuit of an iron core transformer
• The practical transformer
• Magnetizing currents and harmonics
• Voltage considerations
• Thermal considerations

Power Transformers

• Rating and classifications
• Short circuit duty
• Efficiency and losses
• Construction
• Accessory equipment
• Inrush current
• Modern and future developments

Distribution Transformers

• Construction
• General transformer design
• Transformer locations
• Transformer losses
• Performance
• Transformer loading
• Special tests
• Protection
• Economic application

Underground Distribution Transformers

• Vault installations
• Surface operable installations
• Pad-mounted distribution transformers

Dry Type Transformers

• Dry-type transformers

Transformer Connections

• Polarity of single-phase transformers
• Angular displacement of three-phase transformers
• Three-phase transformer connections - advantages and disadvantages of the Y-Y connection, the Y-delta and delta-Y connection, the Y-delta grounding bank, zigzag connections, comparisons of economy, three-phase banks using single-phase transformers, transforming two-phase voltages into three-phase voltages, the Scott-connected connection, autotransformers and three-winding transformers
• Parallelling of transformers

Day II

Loading Power Transformers

• Design criteria
• Nameplate ratings
• Other thermal characteristics
• Thermal profiles
• Temperature profiles
• Temperature measurements
• Predicting thermal response
• Load cyclicality
• Water in transformers under load
• Voltage regulation
• Loading recommendations

Auxiliary Equipment

• Bushing types, standards, design parameters, and testing
• Oil preservation systems
• Cooling equipment
• Temperature and oil level gauges

Load Tap Chargers (LTCs)

• Design and applications of load tap changers
• Rated characteristics and requirements for load tap changers
• Selection of load tap changers
• Maintenance of load tap changers
• Refurbishment replacement of old LTC types

Transformer Selection and Application

• The most economical transformer for your application

Transformer Protection

• Fuses and relays
• Gas relays
• Differential protection
• Code requirements

Transformer Installation

• Transformer installation
• Sample transformer acceptance checklist

Testing Transformers

• Standards and classification of tests
• Sequence of tests
• Voltage ratio and proper connections
• Insulation condition
• Dielectric withstand
• Performance characteristics
• Other tests

Day III

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

• Sample operating and maintenance instructions
• Preventative maintenance and predictive maintenance
• Gas in oil analysis
• Water in oil analysis
• Drying techniques
• Oil dielectric tests
• Sample transformer maintenance checklist
• Problem and failure investigations
• Problem analysis after severe operating conditions where no failure is involved - failure investigations

Power Transformer Equipment Standards and Processes

• Major standards organizations
• Process for acceptance of American National Standards
• Relevant power transformer standards documents

On-Line Monitoring of Liquid-Immersed Transformers

• Benefits
• On-line monitoring systems
• On-line monitoring applications

Questions and Answers and Feedback to Participants on Achievement of Learning Outcomes

Concluding Remarks and Final Adjournment

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